Validators.hpp

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// Copyright (c) 2017-2021, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
// All rights reserved.
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 
#pragma once
 
#include "Macros.hpp"
#include "StringTools.hpp"
#include "TypeTools.hpp"
 
// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdint>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
 
// [CLI11:validators_hpp_filesystem:verbatim]
 
// C standard library
// Only needed for existence checking
#if defined CLI11_CPP17 && defined __has_include && !defined CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM
#if __has_include(<filesystem>)
// Filesystem cannot be used if targeting macOS < 10.15
#if defined __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 101500
#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 0
#else
#include <filesystem>
#if defined __cpp_lib_filesystem && __cpp_lib_filesystem >= 201703
#if defined _GLIBCXX_RELEASE && _GLIBCXX_RELEASE >= 9
#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 1
#elif defined(__GLIBCXX__)
// if we are using gcc and Version <9 default to no filesystem
#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 0
#else
#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 1
#endif
#else
#define CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM 0
#endif
#endif
#endif
#endif
 
#if defined CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM && CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM > 0
#include <filesystem>  // NOLINT(build/include)
#else
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif
 
// [CLI11:validators_hpp_filesystem:end]
 
namespace CLI {
// [CLI11:validators_hpp:verbatim]
 
class Option;
 
 
 
class Validator {
  protected:
    std::function<std::string()> desc_function_{[]() { return std::string{}; }};
 
    std::function<std::string(std::string &)> func_{[](std::string &) { return std::string{}; }};
    std::string name_{};
    int application_index_ = -1;
    bool active_{true};
    bool non_modifying_{false};
 
  public:
    Validator() = default;
    explicit Validator(std::string validator_desc) : desc_function_([validator_desc]() { return validator_desc; }) {}
    Validator(std::function<std::string(std::string &)> op, std::string validator_desc, std::string validator_name = "")
        : desc_function_([validator_desc]() { return validator_desc; }), func_(std::move(op)),
          name_(std::move(validator_name)) {}
    Validator &operation(std::function<std::string(std::string &)> op) {
        func_ = std::move(op);
        return *this;
    }
    std::string operator()(std::string &str) const {
        std::string retstring;
        if(active_) {
            if(non_modifying_) {
                std::string value = str;
                retstring = func_(value);
            } else {
                retstring = func_(str);
            }
        }
        return retstring;
    }
 
    std::string operator()(const std::string &str) const {
        std::string value = str;
        return (active_) ? func_(value) : std::string{};
    }
 
    Validator &description(std::string validator_desc) {
        desc_function_ = [validator_desc]() { return validator_desc; };
        return *this;
    }
    Validator description(std::string validator_desc) const {
        Validator newval(*this);
        newval.desc_function_ = [validator_desc]() { return validator_desc; };
        return newval;
    }
    std::string get_description() const {
        if(active_) {
            return desc_function_();
        }
        return std::string{};
    }
    Validator &name(std::string validator_name) {
        name_ = std::move(validator_name);
        return *this;
    }
    Validator name(std::string validator_name) const {
        Validator newval(*this);
        newval.name_ = std::move(validator_name);
        return newval;
    }
    const std::string &get_name() const { return name_; }
    Validator &active(bool active_val = true) {
        active_ = active_val;
        return *this;
    }
    Validator active(bool active_val = true) const {
        Validator newval(*this);
        newval.active_ = active_val;
        return newval;
    }
 
    Validator &non_modifying(bool no_modify = true) {
        non_modifying_ = no_modify;
        return *this;
    }
    Validator &application_index(int app_index) {
        application_index_ = app_index;
        return *this;
    }
    Validator application_index(int app_index) const {
        Validator newval(*this);
        newval.application_index_ = app_index;
        return newval;
    }
    int get_application_index() const { return application_index_; }
    bool get_active() const { return active_; }
 
    bool get_modifying() const { return !non_modifying_; }
 
    Validator operator&(const Validator &other) const {
        Validator newval;
 
        newval._merge_description(*this, other, " AND ");
 
        // Give references (will make a copy in lambda function)
        const std::function<std::string(std::string & filename)> &f1 = func_;
        const std::function<std::string(std::string & filename)> &f2 = other.func_;
 
        newval.func_ = [f1, f2](std::string &input) {
            std::string s1 = f1(input);
            std::string s2 = f2(input);
            if(!s1.empty() && !s2.empty())
                return std::string("(") + s1 + ") AND (" + s2 + ")";
            else
                return s1 + s2;
        };
 
        newval.active_ = (active_ & other.active_);
        newval.application_index_ = application_index_;
        return newval;
    }
 
    Validator operator|(const Validator &other) const {
        Validator newval;
 
        newval._merge_description(*this, other, " OR ");
 
        // Give references (will make a copy in lambda function)
        const std::function<std::string(std::string &)> &f1 = func_;
        const std::function<std::string(std::string &)> &f2 = other.func_;
 
        newval.func_ = [f1, f2](std::string &input) {
            std::string s1 = f1(input);
            std::string s2 = f2(input);
            if(s1.empty() || s2.empty())
                return std::string();
 
            return std::string("(") + s1 + ") OR (" + s2 + ")";
        };
        newval.active_ = (active_ & other.active_);
        newval.application_index_ = application_index_;
        return newval;
    }
 
    Validator operator!() const {
        Validator newval;
        const std::function<std::string()> &dfunc1 = desc_function_;
        newval.desc_function_ = [dfunc1]() {
            auto str = dfunc1();
            return (!str.empty()) ? std::string("NOT ") + str : std::string{};
        };
        // Give references (will make a copy in lambda function)
        const std::function<std::string(std::string & res)> &f1 = func_;
 
        newval.func_ = [f1, dfunc1](std::string &test) -> std::string {
            std::string s1 = f1(test);
            if(s1.empty()) {
                return std::string("check ") + dfunc1() + " succeeded improperly";
            }
            return std::string{};
        };
        newval.active_ = active_;
        newval.application_index_ = application_index_;
        return newval;
    }
 
  private:
    void _merge_description(const Validator &val1, const Validator &val2, const std::string &merger) {
 
        const std::function<std::string()> &dfunc1 = val1.desc_function_;
        const std::function<std::string()> &dfunc2 = val2.desc_function_;
 
        desc_function_ = [=]() {
            std::string f1 = dfunc1();
            std::string f2 = dfunc2();
            if((f1.empty()) || (f2.empty())) {
                return f1 + f2;
            }
            return std::string(1, '(') + f1 + ')' + merger + '(' + f2 + ')';
        };
    }
};  // namespace CLI
 
class CustomValidator : public Validator {
  public:
};
// The implementation of the built in validators is using the Validator class;
// the user is only expected to use the const (static) versions (since there's no setup).
// Therefore, this is in detail.
namespace detail {
 
enum class path_type { nonexistent, file, directory };
 
#if defined CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM && CLI11_HAS_FILESYSTEM > 0
inline path_type check_path(const char *file) noexcept {
    std::error_code ec;
    auto stat = std::filesystem::status(file, ec);
    if(ec) {
        return path_type::nonexistent;
    }
    switch(stat.type()) {
    case std::filesystem::file_type::none:
    case std::filesystem::file_type::not_found:
        return path_type::nonexistent;
    case std::filesystem::file_type::directory:
        return path_type::directory;
    case std::filesystem::file_type::symlink:
    case std::filesystem::file_type::block:
    case std::filesystem::file_type::character:
    case std::filesystem::file_type::fifo:
    case std::filesystem::file_type::socket:
    case std::filesystem::file_type::regular:
    case std::filesystem::file_type::unknown:
    default:
        return path_type::file;
    }
}
#else
inline path_type check_path(const char *file) noexcept {
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
    struct __stat64 buffer;
    if(_stat64(file, &buffer) == 0) {
        return ((buffer.st_mode & S_IFDIR) != 0) ? path_type::directory : path_type::file;
    }
#else
    struct stat buffer;
    if(stat(file, &buffer) == 0) {
        return ((buffer.st_mode & S_IFDIR) != 0) ? path_type::directory : path_type::file;
    }
#endif
    return path_type::nonexistent;
}
#endif
class ExistingFileValidator : public Validator {
  public:
    ExistingFileValidator() : Validator("FILE") {
        func_ = [](std::string &filename) {
            auto path_result = check_path(filename.c_str());
            if(path_result == path_type::nonexistent) {
                return "File does not exist: " + filename;
            }
            if(path_result == path_type::directory) {
                return "File is actually a directory: " + filename;
            }
            return std::string();
        };
    }
};
 
class ExistingDirectoryValidator : public Validator {
  public:
    ExistingDirectoryValidator() : Validator("DIR") {
        func_ = [](std::string &filename) {
            auto path_result = check_path(filename.c_str());
            if(path_result == path_type::nonexistent) {
                return "Directory does not exist: " + filename;
            }
            if(path_result == path_type::file) {
                return "Directory is actually a file: " + filename;
            }
            return std::string();
        };
    }
};
 
class ExistingPathValidator : public Validator {
  public:
    ExistingPathValidator() : Validator("PATH(existing)") {
        func_ = [](std::string &filename) {
            auto path_result = check_path(filename.c_str());
            if(path_result == path_type::nonexistent) {
                return "Path does not exist: " + filename;
            }
            return std::string();
        };
    }
};
 
class NonexistentPathValidator : public Validator {
  public:
    NonexistentPathValidator() : Validator("PATH(non-existing)") {
        func_ = [](std::string &filename) {
            auto path_result = check_path(filename.c_str());
            if(path_result != path_type::nonexistent) {
                return "Path already exists: " + filename;
            }
            return std::string();
        };
    }
};
 
class IPV4Validator : public Validator {
  public:
    IPV4Validator() : Validator("IPV4") {
        func_ = [](std::string &ip_addr) {
            auto result = CLI::detail::split(ip_addr, '.');
            if(result.size() != 4) {
                return std::string("Invalid IPV4 address must have four parts (") + ip_addr + ')';
            }
            int num;
            for(const auto &var : result) {
                bool retval = detail::lexical_cast(var, num);
                if(!retval) {
                    return std::string("Failed parsing number (") + var + ')';
                }
                if(num < 0 || num > 255) {
                    return std::string("Each IP number must be between 0 and 255 ") + var;
                }
            }
            return std::string();
        };
    }
};
 
}  // namespace detail
 
// Static is not needed here, because global const implies static.
 
const detail::ExistingFileValidator ExistingFile;
 
const detail::ExistingDirectoryValidator ExistingDirectory;
 
const detail::ExistingPathValidator ExistingPath;
 
const detail::NonexistentPathValidator NonexistentPath;
 
const detail::IPV4Validator ValidIPV4;
 
template <typename DesiredType> class TypeValidator : public Validator {
  public:
    explicit TypeValidator(const std::string &validator_name) : Validator(validator_name) {
        func_ = [](std::string &input_string) {
            auto val = DesiredType();
            if(!detail::lexical_cast(input_string, val)) {
                return std::string("Failed parsing ") + input_string + " as a " + detail::type_name<DesiredType>();
            }
            return std::string();
        };
    }
    TypeValidator() : TypeValidator(detail::type_name<DesiredType>()) {}
};
 
const TypeValidator<double> Number("NUMBER");
 
class Range : public Validator {
  public:
    template <typename T>
    Range(T min_val, T max_val, const std::string &validator_name = std::string{}) : Validator(validator_name) {
        if(validator_name.empty()) {
            std::stringstream out;
            out << detail::type_name<T>() << " in [" << min_val << " - " << max_val << "]";
            description(out.str());
        }
 
        func_ = [min_val, max_val](std::string &input) {
            T val;
            bool converted = detail::lexical_cast(input, val);
            if((!converted) || (val < min_val || val > max_val))
                return std::string("Value ") + input + " not in range " + std::to_string(min_val) + " to " +
                       std::to_string(max_val);
 
            return std::string{};
        };
    }
 
    template <typename T>
    explicit Range(T max_val, const std::string &validator_name = std::string{})
        : Range(static_cast<T>(0), max_val, validator_name) {}
};
 
const Range NonNegativeNumber((std::numeric_limits<double>::max)(), "NONNEGATIVE");
 
const Range PositiveNumber((std::numeric_limits<double>::min)(), (std::numeric_limits<double>::max)(), "POSITIVE");
 
class Bound : public Validator {
  public:
    template <typename T> Bound(T min_val, T max_val) {
        std::stringstream out;
        out << detail::type_name<T>() << " bounded to [" << min_val << " - " << max_val << "]";
        description(out.str());
 
        func_ = [min_val, max_val](std::string &input) {
            T val;
            bool converted = detail::lexical_cast(input, val);
            if(!converted) {
                return std::string("Value ") + input + " could not be converted";
            }
            if(val < min_val)
                input = detail::to_string(min_val);
            else if(val > max_val)
                input = detail::to_string(max_val);
 
            return std::string{};
        };
    }
 
    template <typename T> explicit Bound(T max_val) : Bound(static_cast<T>(0), max_val) {}
};
 
namespace detail {
template <typename T,
          enable_if_t<is_copyable_ptr<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::value, detail::enabler> = detail::dummy>
auto smart_deref(T value) -> decltype(*value) {
    return *value;
}
 
template <
    typename T,
    enable_if_t<!is_copyable_ptr<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::value, detail::enabler> = detail::dummy>
typename std::remove_reference<T>::type &smart_deref(T &value) {
    return value;
}
template <typename T> std::string generate_set(const T &set) {
    using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;
    using iteration_type_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::value_type;  // the type of the object pair
    std::string out(1, '{');
    out.append(detail::join(
        detail::smart_deref(set),
        [](const iteration_type_t &v) { return detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first(v); },
        ","));
    out.push_back('}');
    return out;
}
 
template <typename T> std::string generate_map(const T &map, bool key_only = false) {
    using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;
    using iteration_type_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::value_type;  // the type of the object pair
    std::string out(1, '{');
    out.append(detail::join(
        detail::smart_deref(map),
        [key_only](const iteration_type_t &v) {
            std::string res{detail::to_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first(v))};
 
            if(!key_only) {
                res.append("->");
                res += detail::to_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::second(v));
            }
            return res;
        },
        ","));
    out.push_back('}');
    return out;
}
 
template <typename C, typename V> struct has_find {
    template <typename CC, typename VV>
    static auto test(int) -> decltype(std::declval<CC>().find(std::declval<VV>()), std::true_type());
    template <typename, typename> static auto test(...) -> decltype(std::false_type());
 
    static const auto value = decltype(test<C, V>(0))::value;
    using type = std::integral_constant<bool, value>;
};
 
template <typename T, typename V, enable_if_t<!has_find<T, V>::value, detail::enabler> = detail::dummy>
auto search(const T &set, const V &val) -> std::pair<bool, decltype(std::begin(detail::smart_deref(set)))> {
    using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;
    auto &setref = detail::smart_deref(set);
    auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(setref), std::end(setref), [&val](decltype(*std::begin(setref)) v) {
        return (detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first(v) == val);
    });
    return {(it != std::end(setref)), it};
}
 
template <typename T, typename V, enable_if_t<has_find<T, V>::value, detail::enabler> = detail::dummy>
auto search(const T &set, const V &val) -> std::pair<bool, decltype(std::begin(detail::smart_deref(set)))> {
    auto &setref = detail::smart_deref(set);
    auto it = setref.find(val);
    return {(it != std::end(setref)), it};
}
 
template <typename T, typename V>
auto search(const T &set, const V &val, const std::function<V(V)> &filter_function)
    -> std::pair<bool, decltype(std::begin(detail::smart_deref(set)))> {
    using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;
    // do the potentially faster first search
    auto res = search(set, val);
    if((res.first) || (!(filter_function))) {
        return res;
    }
    // if we haven't found it do the longer linear search with all the element translations
    auto &setref = detail::smart_deref(set);
    auto it = std::find_if(std::begin(setref), std::end(setref), [&](decltype(*std::begin(setref)) v) {
        V a{detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first(v)};
        a = filter_function(a);
        return (a == val);
    });
    return {(it != std::end(setref)), it};
}
 
// the following suggestion was made by Nikita Ofitserov(@himikof)
// done in templates to prevent compiler warnings on negation of unsigned numbers
 
template <typename T>
inline typename std::enable_if<std::is_signed<T>::value, T>::type overflowCheck(const T &a, const T &b) {
    if((a > 0) == (b > 0)) {
        return ((std::numeric_limits<T>::max)() / (std::abs)(a) < (std::abs)(b));
    } else {
        return ((std::numeric_limits<T>::min)() / (std::abs)(a) > -(std::abs)(b));
    }
}
template <typename T>
inline typename std::enable_if<!std::is_signed<T>::value, T>::type overflowCheck(const T &a, const T &b) {
    return ((std::numeric_limits<T>::max)() / a < b);
}
 
template <typename T> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value, bool>::type checked_multiply(T &a, T b) {
    if(a == 0 || b == 0 || a == 1 || b == 1) {
        a *= b;
        return true;
    }
    if(a == (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)() || b == (std::numeric_limits<T>::min)()) {
        return false;
    }
    if(overflowCheck(a, b)) {
        return false;
    }
    a *= b;
    return true;
}
 
template <typename T>
typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<T>::value, bool>::type checked_multiply(T &a, T b) {
    T c = a * b;
    if(std::isinf(c) && !std::isinf(a) && !std::isinf(b)) {
        return false;
    }
    a = c;
    return true;
}
 
}  // namespace detail
class IsMember : public Validator {
  public:
    using filter_fn_t = std::function<std::string(std::string)>;
 
    template <typename T, typename... Args>
    IsMember(std::initializer_list<T> values, Args &&...args)
        : IsMember(std::vector<T>(values), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
 
    template <typename T> explicit IsMember(T &&set) : IsMember(std::forward<T>(set), nullptr) {}
 
    template <typename T, typename F> explicit IsMember(T set, F filter_function) {
 
        // Get the type of the contained item - requires a container have ::value_type
        // if the type does not have first_type and second_type, these are both value_type
        using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;             // Removes (smart) pointers if needed
        using item_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first_type;  // Is value_type if not a map
 
        using local_item_t = typename IsMemberType<item_t>::type;  // This will convert bad types to good ones
                                                                   // (const char * to std::string)
 
        // Make a local copy of the filter function, using a std::function if not one already
        std::function<local_item_t(local_item_t)> filter_fn = filter_function;
 
        // This is the type name for help, it will take the current version of the set contents
        desc_function_ = [set]() { return detail::generate_set(detail::smart_deref(set)); };
 
        // This is the function that validates
        // It stores a copy of the set pointer-like, so shared_ptr will stay alive
        func_ = [set, filter_fn](std::string &input) {
            local_item_t b;
            if(!detail::lexical_cast(input, b)) {
                throw ValidationError(input);  // name is added later
            }
            if(filter_fn) {
                b = filter_fn(b);
            }
            auto res = detail::search(set, b, filter_fn);
            if(res.first) {
                // Make sure the version in the input string is identical to the one in the set
                if(filter_fn) {
                    input = detail::value_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first(*(res.second)));
                }
 
                // Return empty error string (success)
                return std::string{};
            }
 
            // If you reach this point, the result was not found
            return input + " not in " + detail::generate_set(detail::smart_deref(set));
        };
    }
 
    template <typename T, typename... Args>
    IsMember(T &&set, filter_fn_t filter_fn_1, filter_fn_t filter_fn_2, Args &&...other)
        : IsMember(
              std::forward<T>(set),
              [filter_fn_1, filter_fn_2](std::string a) { return filter_fn_2(filter_fn_1(a)); },
              other...) {}
};
 
template <typename T> using TransformPairs = std::vector<std::pair<std::string, T>>;
 
class Transformer : public Validator {
  public:
    using filter_fn_t = std::function<std::string(std::string)>;
 
    template <typename... Args>
    Transformer(std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> values, Args &&...args)
        : Transformer(TransformPairs<std::string>(values), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
 
    template <typename T> explicit Transformer(T &&mapping) : Transformer(std::forward<T>(mapping), nullptr) {}
 
    template <typename T, typename F> explicit Transformer(T mapping, F filter_function) {
 
        static_assert(detail::pair_adaptor<typename detail::element_type<T>::type>::value,
                      "mapping must produce value pairs");
        // Get the type of the contained item - requires a container have ::value_type
        // if the type does not have first_type and second_type, these are both value_type
        using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;             // Removes (smart) pointers if needed
        using item_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first_type;  // Is value_type if not a map
        using local_item_t = typename IsMemberType<item_t>::type;             // Will convert bad types to good ones
                                                                              // (const char * to std::string)
 
        // Make a local copy of the filter function, using a std::function if not one already
        std::function<local_item_t(local_item_t)> filter_fn = filter_function;
 
        // This is the type name for help, it will take the current version of the set contents
        desc_function_ = [mapping]() { return detail::generate_map(detail::smart_deref(mapping)); };
 
        func_ = [mapping, filter_fn](std::string &input) {
            local_item_t b;
            if(!detail::lexical_cast(input, b)) {
                return std::string();
                // there is no possible way we can match anything in the mapping if we can't convert so just return
            }
            if(filter_fn) {
                b = filter_fn(b);
            }
            auto res = detail::search(mapping, b, filter_fn);
            if(res.first) {
                input = detail::value_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::second(*res.second));
            }
            return std::string{};
        };
    }
 
    template <typename T, typename... Args>
    Transformer(T &&mapping, filter_fn_t filter_fn_1, filter_fn_t filter_fn_2, Args &&...other)
        : Transformer(
              std::forward<T>(mapping),
              [filter_fn_1, filter_fn_2](std::string a) { return filter_fn_2(filter_fn_1(a)); },
              other...) {}
};
 
class CheckedTransformer : public Validator {
  public:
    using filter_fn_t = std::function<std::string(std::string)>;
 
    template <typename... Args>
    CheckedTransformer(std::initializer_list<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> values, Args &&...args)
        : CheckedTransformer(TransformPairs<std::string>(values), std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
 
    template <typename T> explicit CheckedTransformer(T mapping) : CheckedTransformer(std::move(mapping), nullptr) {}
 
    template <typename T, typename F> explicit CheckedTransformer(T mapping, F filter_function) {
 
        static_assert(detail::pair_adaptor<typename detail::element_type<T>::type>::value,
                      "mapping must produce value pairs");
        // Get the type of the contained item - requires a container have ::value_type
        // if the type does not have first_type and second_type, these are both value_type
        using element_t = typename detail::element_type<T>::type;             // Removes (smart) pointers if needed
        using item_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::first_type;  // Is value_type if not a map
        using local_item_t = typename IsMemberType<item_t>::type;             // Will convert bad types to good ones
                                                                              // (const char * to std::string)
        using iteration_type_t = typename detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::value_type;  // the type of the object pair
 
        // Make a local copy of the filter function, using a std::function if not one already
        std::function<local_item_t(local_item_t)> filter_fn = filter_function;
 
        auto tfunc = [mapping]() {
            std::string out("value in ");
            out += detail::generate_map(detail::smart_deref(mapping)) + " OR {";
            out += detail::join(
                detail::smart_deref(mapping),
                [](const iteration_type_t &v) { return detail::to_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::second(v)); },
                ",");
            out.push_back('}');
            return out;
        };
 
        desc_function_ = tfunc;
 
        func_ = [mapping, tfunc, filter_fn](std::string &input) {
            local_item_t b;
            bool converted = detail::lexical_cast(input, b);
            if(converted) {
                if(filter_fn) {
                    b = filter_fn(b);
                }
                auto res = detail::search(mapping, b, filter_fn);
                if(res.first) {
                    input = detail::value_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::second(*res.second));
                    return std::string{};
                }
            }
            for(const auto &v : detail::smart_deref(mapping)) {
                auto output_string = detail::value_string(detail::pair_adaptor<element_t>::second(v));
                if(output_string == input) {
                    return std::string();
                }
            }
 
            return "Check " + input + " " + tfunc() + " FAILED";
        };
    }
 
    template <typename T, typename... Args>
    CheckedTransformer(T &&mapping, filter_fn_t filter_fn_1, filter_fn_t filter_fn_2, Args &&...other)
        : CheckedTransformer(
              std::forward<T>(mapping),
              [filter_fn_1, filter_fn_2](std::string a) { return filter_fn_2(filter_fn_1(a)); },
              other...) {}
};
 
inline std::string ignore_case(std::string item) { return detail::to_lower(item); }
 
inline std::string ignore_underscore(std::string item) { return detail::remove_underscore(item); }
 
inline std::string ignore_space(std::string item) {
    item.erase(std::remove(std::begin(item), std::end(item), ' '), std::end(item));
    item.erase(std::remove(std::begin(item), std::end(item), '\t'), std::end(item));
    return item;
}
 
class AsNumberWithUnit : public Validator {
  public:
    enum Options {
        CASE_SENSITIVE = 0,
        CASE_INSENSITIVE = 1,
        UNIT_OPTIONAL = 0,
        UNIT_REQUIRED = 2,
        DEFAULT = CASE_INSENSITIVE | UNIT_OPTIONAL
    };
 
    template <typename Number>
    explicit AsNumberWithUnit(std::map<std::string, Number> mapping,
                              Options opts = DEFAULT,
                              const std::string &unit_name = "UNIT") {
        description(generate_description<Number>(unit_name, opts));
        validate_mapping(mapping, opts);
 
        // transform function
        func_ = [mapping, opts](std::string &input) -> std::string {
            Number num;
 
            detail::rtrim(input);
            if(input.empty()) {
                throw ValidationError("Input is empty");
            }
 
            // Find split position between number and prefix
            auto unit_begin = input.end();
            while(unit_begin > input.begin() && std::isalpha(*(unit_begin - 1), std::locale())) {
                --unit_begin;
            }
 
            std::string unit{unit_begin, input.end()};
            input.resize(static_cast<std::size_t>(std::distance(input.begin(), unit_begin)));
            detail::trim(input);
 
            if(opts & UNIT_REQUIRED && unit.empty()) {
                throw ValidationError("Missing mandatory unit");
            }
            if(opts & CASE_INSENSITIVE) {
                unit = detail::to_lower(unit);
            }
            if(unit.empty()) {
                if(!detail::lexical_cast(input, num)) {
                    throw ValidationError(std::string("Value ") + input + " could not be converted to " +
                                          detail::type_name<Number>());
                }
                // No need to modify input if no unit passed
                return {};
            }
 
            // find corresponding factor
            auto it = mapping.find(unit);
            if(it == mapping.end()) {
                throw ValidationError(unit +
                                      " unit not recognized. "
                                      "Allowed values: " +
                                      detail::generate_map(mapping, true));
            }
 
            if(!input.empty()) {
                bool converted = detail::lexical_cast(input, num);
                if(!converted) {
                    throw ValidationError(std::string("Value ") + input + " could not be converted to " +
                                          detail::type_name<Number>());
                }
                // perform safe multiplication
                bool ok = detail::checked_multiply(num, it->second);
                if(!ok) {
                    throw ValidationError(detail::to_string(num) + " multiplied by " + unit +
                                          " factor would cause number overflow. Use smaller value.");
                }
            } else {
                num = static_cast<Number>(it->second);
            }
 
            input = detail::to_string(num);
 
            return {};
        };
    }
 
  private:
    template <typename Number> static void validate_mapping(std::map<std::string, Number> &mapping, Options opts) {
        for(auto &kv : mapping) {
            if(kv.first.empty()) {
                throw ValidationError("Unit must not be empty.");
            }
            if(!detail::isalpha(kv.first)) {
                throw ValidationError("Unit must contain only letters.");
            }
        }
 
        // make all units lowercase if CASE_INSENSITIVE
        if(opts & CASE_INSENSITIVE) {
            std::map<std::string, Number> lower_mapping;
            for(auto &kv : mapping) {
                auto s = detail::to_lower(kv.first);
                if(lower_mapping.count(s)) {
                    throw ValidationError(std::string("Several matching lowercase unit representations are found: ") +
                                          s);
                }
                lower_mapping[detail::to_lower(kv.first)] = kv.second;
            }
            mapping = std::move(lower_mapping);
        }
    }
 
    template <typename Number> static std::string generate_description(const std::string &name, Options opts) {
        std::stringstream out;
        out << detail::type_name<Number>() << ' ';
        if(opts & UNIT_REQUIRED) {
            out << name;
        } else {
            out << '[' << name << ']';
        }
        return out.str();
    }
};
 
class AsSizeValue : public AsNumberWithUnit {
  public:
    using result_t = std::uint64_t;
 
    explicit AsSizeValue(bool kb_is_1000) : AsNumberWithUnit(get_mapping(kb_is_1000)) {
        if(kb_is_1000) {
            description("SIZE [b, kb(=1000b), kib(=1024b), ...]");
        } else {
            description("SIZE [b, kb(=1024b), ...]");
        }
    }
 
  private:
    static std::map<std::string, result_t> init_mapping(bool kb_is_1000) {
        std::map<std::string, result_t> m;
        result_t k_factor = kb_is_1000 ? 1000 : 1024;
        result_t ki_factor = 1024;
        result_t k = 1;
        result_t ki = 1;
        m["b"] = 1;
        for(std::string p : {"k", "m", "g", "t", "p", "e"}) {
            k *= k_factor;
            ki *= ki_factor;
            m[p] = k;
            m[p + "b"] = k;
            m[p + "i"] = ki;
            m[p + "ib"] = ki;
        }
        return m;
    }
 
    static std::map<std::string, result_t> get_mapping(bool kb_is_1000) {
        if(kb_is_1000) {
            static auto m = init_mapping(true);
            return m;
        } else {
            static auto m = init_mapping(false);
            return m;
        }
    }
};
 
namespace detail {
inline std::pair<std::string, std::string> split_program_name(std::string commandline) {
    // try to determine the programName
    std::pair<std::string, std::string> vals;
    trim(commandline);
    auto esp = commandline.find_first_of(' ', 1);
    while(detail::check_path(commandline.substr(0, esp).c_str()) != path_type::file) {
        esp = commandline.find_first_of(' ', esp + 1);
        if(esp == std::string::npos) {
            // if we have reached the end and haven't found a valid file just assume the first argument is the
            // program name
            if(commandline[0] == '"' || commandline[0] == '\'' || commandline[0] == '`') {
                bool embeddedQuote = false;
                auto keyChar = commandline[0];
                auto end = commandline.find_first_of(keyChar, 1);
                while((end != std::string::npos) && (commandline[end - 1] == '\\')) {  // deal with escaped quotes
                    end = commandline.find_first_of(keyChar, end + 1);
                    embeddedQuote = true;
                }
                if(end != std::string::npos) {
                    vals.first = commandline.substr(1, end - 1);
                    esp = end + 1;
                    if(embeddedQuote) {
                        vals.first = find_and_replace(vals.first, std::string("\\") + keyChar, std::string(1, keyChar));
                    }
                } else {
                    esp = commandline.find_first_of(' ', 1);
                }
            } else {
                esp = commandline.find_first_of(' ', 1);
            }
 
            break;
        }
    }
    if(vals.first.empty()) {
        vals.first = commandline.substr(0, esp);
        rtrim(vals.first);
    }
 
    // strip the program name
    vals.second = (esp != std::string::npos) ? commandline.substr(esp + 1) : std::string{};
    ltrim(vals.second);
    return vals;
}
 
}  // namespace detail
 
// [CLI11:validators_hpp:end]
}  // namespace CLI